Bovine Embryonic Mortality with Special Reference to Mineral Deficiency, Heat Stress and Endocrine Factors: A Review

Embryonic Mortality is the major cause of reproductive and economic loss in cattle Buffaloes. more common during early than late embryonic period, i.e., from day 8th to 16th at hatching blastocysts initiation elongation commencement implantation without affecting cycle lengths. Early mortality a source with rate up 40%. also reported due mineral deficiency heat stress buffaloes. Physical modifications animal environment, nutritional management Antioxidant, trace minerals genetic development breeds that are less sensitive should be best solution. death occurs time maternal recognition pregnancy, probably related failure Interferon tau (IFNι) secretory mechanism along progesterone luteal insufficiency. Recent research, both terms physiological mechanisms pharmacological treatments has mostly focused on period pregnancy or anti-luteolytic effect. hCG/ GnRH /Progesterone supplementation have shown positive results. Supplementation interferon as agent supplementing Omega-3 encouraging Ovarian examination, Animal history, blood/milk levels, PAG test ultrasound appear only practical tool presently available for diagnosis mortality. This present review article covering all aspects special reference totrace minerals, stress, hormonal impact tau.